TURN
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Turn (t&û;rn), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turned (t&û;rnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Turning.] [OE. turnen, tournen, OF. tourner, torner, turner, F. tourner, LL. tornare, fr. L. tornare to turn in a lathe, to round off, fr. tornus a lathe, Gr. to`rnos a turner's chisel, a carpenter's tool for drawing circles; probably akin to E. throw. See Throw, and cf. Attorney, Return, Tornado, Tour, Tournament.] 1. To cause to move upon a center, or as if upon a center; to give circular motion to; to cause to revolve; to cause to move round, either partially, wholly, or repeatedly; to make to change position so as to present other sides in given directions; to make to face otherwise; as, to turn a wheel or a spindle; to turn the body or the head.
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Turn the adamantine spindle round.
Milton.
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The monarch turns him to his royal guest.
Pope.
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2. To cause to present a different side uppermost or outmost; to make the upper side the lower, or the inside to be the outside of; to reverse the position of; as, to turn a box or a board; to turn a coat.
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3. To give another direction, tendency, or inclination to; to direct otherwise; to deflect; to incline differently; -- used both literally and figuratively; as, to turn the eyes to the heavens; to turn a horse from the road, or a ship from her course; to turn the attention to or from something. “Expert when to advance, or stand, or, turn the sway of battle.” Milton.
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Thrice I deluded her, and turned to sport
Her importunity.
Milton.
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My thoughts are turned on peace.
Addison.
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4. To change from a given use or office; to divert, as to another purpose or end; to transfer; to use or employ; to apply; to devote.
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Therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom unto David.
1 Chron. x. 14.
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God will make these evils the occasion of a greater good, by turning them to advantage in this world.
Tillotson.
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When the passage is open, land will be turned most to cattle; when shut, to sheep.
Sir W. Temple.
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5. To change the form, quality, aspect, or effect of; to alter; to metamorphose; to convert; to transform; -- often with to or into before the word denoting the effect or product of the change; as, to turn a worm into a winged insect; to turn green to blue; to turn prose into verse; to turn a Whig to a Tory, or a Hindu to a Christian; to turn good to evil, and the like.
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The Lord thy God will turn thy captivity, and have compassion upon thee.
Deut. xxx. 3.
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And David said, O Lord, I pray thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness.
2 Sam. xv. 31.
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Impatience turns an ague into a fever.
Jer. Taylor.
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6. To form in a lathe; to shape or fashion (anything) by applying a cutting tool to it while revolving; as, to turn the legs of stools or tables; to turn ivory or metal.
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I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned.
Shak.
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7. Hence, to give form to; to shape; to mold; to put in proper condition; to adapt. “The poet's pen turns them to shapes.” Shak.
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His limbs how turned, how broad his shoulders spread !
Pope.
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He was perfectly well turned for trade.
Addison.
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8. Specifically: -- (a) To translate; to construe; as, to turn the Iliad.
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Who turns a Persian tale for half a crown.
Pope.
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(b) To make acid or sour; to ferment; to curdle, etc.: as, to turn cider or wine; electricity turns milk quickly.
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(c) To sicken; to nauseate; as, an emetic turns one's stomach.
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9. To make a turn about or around (something); to go or pass around by turning; as, to turn a corner.
The ranges are not high or steep, and one can turn a kopje instead of cutting or tunneling through it.
James Bryce.
To be turned of, to be advanced beyond; as, to be turned of sixty-six. -- To turn a cold shoulder to, to treat with neglect or indifference. -- To turn a corner, (a) to go round a corner. (b) [Fig.] To advance beyond a difficult stage in a project, or in life. -- To turn adrift, to cast off, to cease to care for. -- To turn a flange (Mech.), to form a flange on, as around a metal sheet or boiler plate, by stretching, bending, and hammering, or rolling the metal. -- To turn against. (a) To direct against; as, to turn one's arguments against himself. (b) To make unfavorable or hostile to; as, to turn one's friends against him. -- To turn a hostile army, To turn the enemy's flank, or the like (Mil.), to pass round it, and take a position behind it or upon its side. -- To turn a penny, or To turn an honest penny, to make a small profit by trade, or the like. -- To turn around one's finger, to have complete control of the will and actions of; to be able to influence at pleasure. -- To turn aside, to avert. -- To turn away. (a) To dismiss from service; to discard; as, to turn away a servant. (b) To avert; as, to turn away wrath or evil. -- To turn back. (a) To give back; to return.
[1913 Webster]We turn not back the silks upon the merchants,
When we have soiled them.
Shak.
[1913 Webster](b) To cause to return or retrace one's steps; hence, to drive away; to repel. Shak. -- To turn down. (a) To fold or double down. (b) To turn over so as to conceal the face of; as, to turn down cards. (c) To lower, or reduce in size, by turning a valve, stopcock, or the like; as, turn down the lights. -- To turn in. (a) To fold or double under; as, to turn in the edge of cloth. (b) To direct inwards; as, to turn the toes in when walking. (c) To contribute; to deliver up; as, he turned in a large amount. [Colloq.] -- To turn in the mind, to revolve, ponder, or meditate upon; -- with about, over, etc. “ Turn these ideas about in your mind.” I. Watts. -- To turn off. (a) To dismiss contemptuously; as, to turn off a sycophant or a parasite. (b) To give over; to reduce. (c) To divert; to deflect; as, to turn off the thoughts from serious subjects; to turn off a joke. (d) To accomplish; to perform, as work. (e) (Mech.) To remove, as a surface, by the process of turning; to reduce in size by turning. (f) To shut off, as a fluid, by means of a valve, stopcock, or other device; to stop the passage of; as, to turn off the water or the gas. -- To turn on, to cause to flow by turning a valve, stopcock, or the like; to give passage to; as, to turn on steam. -- To turn one's coat, to change one's uniform or colors; to go over to the opposite party. -- To turn one's goods or To turn one's money, and the like, to exchange in the course of trade; to keep in lively exchange or circulation; to gain or increase in trade. -- To turn one's hand to, to adapt or apply one's self to; to engage in. -- To turn out. (a) To drive out; to expel; as, to turn a family out of doors; to turn a man out of office.
[1913 Webster]I'll turn you out of my kingdom.
Shak.
[1913 Webster](b) to put to pasture, as cattle or horses. (c) To produce, as the result of labor, or any process of manufacture; to furnish in a completed state. (d) To reverse, as a pocket, bag, etc., so as to bring the inside to the outside; hence, to produce. (e) To cause to cease, or to put out, by turning a stopcock, valve, or the like; as, to turn out the lights. -- To turn over. (a) To change or reverse the position of; to overset; to overturn; to cause to roll over. (b) To transfer; as, to turn over business to another hand. (c) To read or examine, as a book, while, turning the leaves. “We turned o'er many books together.” Shak. (d) To handle in business; to do business to the amount of; as, he turns over millions a year. [Colloq.] -- To turn over a new leaf. See under Leaf. -- To turn tail, to run away; to retreat ignominiously. -- To turn the back, to flee; to retreat. -- To turn the back on or To turn the back upon, to treat with contempt; to reject or refuse unceremoniously. -- To turn the corner, to pass the critical stage; to get by the worst point; hence, to begin to improve, or to succeed. -- To turn the die or To turn the dice, to change fortune. -- To turn the edge of or To turn the point of, to bend over the edge or point of so as to make dull; to blunt. -- To turn the head of or To turn the brain of, to make giddy, wild, insane, or the like; to infatuate; to overthrow the reason or judgment of; as, a little success turned his head. -- To turn the scale or To turn the balance, to change the preponderance; to decide or determine something doubtful; to tip the balance. -- To turn the stomach of, to nauseate; to sicken. -- To turn the tables, to reverse the chances or conditions of success or superiority; to give the advantage to the person or side previously at a disadvantage. -- To turn tippet, to make a change. [Obs.] B. Jonson. -- To turn to profit, To turn to advantage, etc., to make profitable or advantageous. -- To turn turtle, to capsize bottom upward; -- said of a vessel. [Naut. slang] -- To turn under (Agric.), to put, as soil, manure, etc., underneath from the surface by plowing, digging, or the like. -- To turn up. (a) To turn so as to bring the bottom side on top; as, to turn up the trump. (b) To bring from beneath to the surface, as in plowing, digging, etc. (c) To give an upward curve to; to tilt; as, to turn up the nose. -- To turn upon, to retort; to throw back; as, to turn the arguments of an opponent upon himself. -- To turn upside down, to confuse by putting things awry; to throw into disorder.
[1913 Webster]This house is turned upside down since Robin Ostler died.
Shak.
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Turn (?), v. i. 1. To move round; to have a circular motion; to revolve entirely, repeatedly, or partially; to change position, so as to face differently; to whirl or wheel round; as, a wheel turns on its axis; a spindle turns on a pivot; a man turns on his heel.
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The gate . . . on golden hinges turning.
Milton.
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2. Hence, to revolve as if upon a point of support; to hinge; to depend; as, the decision turns on a single fact.
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Conditions of peace certainly turn upon events of war.
Swift.
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3. To result or terminate; to come about; to eventuate; to issue.
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If we repent seriously, submit contentedly, and serve him faithfully, afflictions shall turn to our advantage.
Wake.
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4. To be deflected; to take a different direction or tendency; to be directed otherwise; to be differently applied; to be transferred; as, to turn from the road.
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Turn from thy fierce wrath.
Ex. xxxii. 12.
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Turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways.
Ezek. xxxiii. 11.
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The understanding turns inward on itself, and reflects on its own operations.
Locke.
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5. To be changed, altered, or transformed; to become transmuted; also, to become by a change or changes; to grow; as, wood turns to stone; water turns to ice; one color turns to another; to turn Muslim.
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I hope you have no intent to turn husband.
Shak.
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Cygnets from gray turn white.
Bacon.
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6. To undergo the process of turning on a lathe; as, ivory turns well.
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7. Specifically: --
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(a) To become acid; to sour; -- said of milk, ale, etc.
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(b) To become giddy; -- said of the head or brain.
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I'll look no more;
Lest my brain turn.
Shak.
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(c) To be nauseated; --
