SUM
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Sum (?), n. [OE. summe, somme, OF. sume, some, F. somme, L. summa, fr. summus highest, a superlative from sub under. See Sub-, and cf. Supreme.] 1. The aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities, or particulars; the amount or whole of any number of individuals or particulars added together; as, the sum of 5 and 7 is 12.
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Take ye the sum of all the congregation.
Num. i. 2.
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&hand_; Sum is now commonly applied to an aggregate of numbers, and number to an aggregate of persons or things.
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2. A quantity of money or currency; any amount, indefinitely; as, a sum of money; a small sum, or a large sum. “The sum of forty pound.” Chaucer.
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With a great sum obtained I this freedom.
Acts xxii. 28.
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3. The principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the amount; the substance; compendium; as, this is the sum of all the evidence in the case; this is the sum and substance of his objections.
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4. Height; completion; utmost degree.
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Thus have I told thee all my state, and brought
My story to the sum of earthly bliss.
Milton.
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5. (Arith.) A problem to be solved, or an example to be wrought out. Macaulay.
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A sum in arithmetic wherein a flaw discovered at a particular point is ipso facto fatal to the whole.
Gladstone.
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A large sheet of paper . . . covered with long sums.
Dickens.
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Algebraic sum, as distinguished from arithmetical sum, the aggregate of two or more numbers or quantities taken with regard to their signs, as + or -, according to the rules of addition in algebra; thus, the algebraic sum of -2, 8, and -1 is 5. -- In sum, in short; in brief. [Obs.] “In sum, the gospel . . . prescribes every virtue to our conduct, and forbids every sin.” Rogers.
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Sum, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Summed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Summing.] [Cf. F. sommer, LL. summare.] 1. To bring together into one whole; to collect into one amount; to cast up, as a column of figures; to ascertain the totality of; -- usually with up.
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The mind doth value every moment, and then the hour doth rather sum up the moments, than divide the day.
Bacon.
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2. To bring or collect into a small compass; to comprise in a few words; to condense; -- usually with up.
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“Go to the ant, thou sluggard,” in few words sums up the moral of this fable.
L'Estrange.
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He sums their virtues in himself alone.
Dryden.
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3. (Falconry) To have (the feathers) full grown; to furnish with complete, or full-grown, plumage.
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But feathered soon and fledge
They summed their pens [wings].
Milton.
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Summing up, a compendium or abridgment; a recapitulation; a résumé; a summary.
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Syn. -- To cast up; collect; comprise; condense; comprehend; compute.
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